optimization of solid phase micro-extraction (spme) for monitoring occupational exposure to ethyl benzene

background and objectives: analytical methods for volatile organic compounds (vocs) in different samples need extraction of compounds, by applying hazardous solvents. solid phase micro-extraction (spme) is a solvent-free equilibrium extraction method, in which proper calibration can allow quantitative determinations of vocs at a very good sensitivity without the use of any organic solvent. vocs are generally present in urine only at trace levels, therefore, a sensitive procedure is needed for their trace determinations. throughout this study, headspace solid phase micro-extraction (hs-spme) was followed by gc-fid for ethyl benzene in spiked urine was optimized. methods: in this study, the parameters influencing spme and gas chromatography of ethyl benzene, including extraction time, temperature, desorption temperature, desorption time, salt addition, sample ph, sample volume and sample agitation were investigated. results: extraction procedure was performed at 30°c for 6 min, using 0.2 gml-1 of nacl in the sample solution. the sample volume and sample ph were optimized at 5 ml and 7 (neutral ph), respectively. desorption of the ethyl benzene was carried out for 60 sec. at 250°c. the method was also validated with three different spiked urine samples and illustrated an appropriate reproducibility over six consecutive days as well as six within-day experiments. during this investigation, parameters of accuracy, linearity, and detection limits of the procedure were also evaluated. conclusion: the developed method of hs- spme-gc-fid proved to be a simple, convenient, and practical procedure, and was successfully used for measuring of ethyl benzene in spiked urine.